The roots of Bulawayo, now the second-largest city in Zimbabwe, can be traced back to the royal town of King Lobengula, “Old Bulawayo,” established in 1870. The choice of the present-day city’s location and its name, meaning “the place of slaughter” in Ndebele, reflects Lobengula’s historical struggles upon ascending the throne. Cultural scholar Pathisa Nyathi emphasises the importance of preserving these ancient buildings, not just as architectural treasures but as storytellers that connect us to our past. These structures, protected by law, serve as repositories of traditions and inspirations, offering invaluable lessons for generations to come.
Bulawayo, often referred to as the “City of Kings,” is a place where history unfolds in the elegant architecture that graces its streets. With roots reaching back to the 18th century, this city is a living testament to a bygone era, boasting over 150 ancient buildings that narrate captivating tales of the past. The heart of Bulawayo’s city centre is adorned with Victorian-style buildings that capture the essence of a bygone era. These architectural gems, with their striking cupolas, looming towers, and rounded porches, stand proudly as representatives of the highest standards of Victorian architecture. Built during the reign of Queen Victoria (1837-1901), these structures echo the grandeur of a significant historical period.
The iconic City Hall, completed in 1895, serves as a poignant reminder of the city’s resilience during turbulent times. Originally intended as a public market, it became a sanctuary for settlers in 1896 during the Ndebele uprising against colonial rule. Another historical landmark, the Exchange Building at the corner of Joshua Mqabuko Street and Leopold Takawira Avenue, housed Zimbabwe’s first Stock Exchange in 1896, connecting local ventures with international markets. Woven into the fabric of Bulawayo’s streets are buildings with tales to tell. The Chronicle building, standing at the corner of 9th and George Silundika, has been an integral part of the city since its first edition hit the streets on October 12, 1894. Alongside it, the Post Office Building on Joshua Mqabuko Street, now home to POSB, stands as a testament to the city’s evolving landscape.
In the heart of Bulawayo, the Bulawayo Club, established in 1895 as a gentleman’s social club, reflects the city’s colonial days. Despite renovations, the club retains its original furniture and fittings, preserving a slice of history within its walls. Nestled in the leafy suburb of Hillside, the Nesbitt Castle, built in 1910, proudly displays its antique collection, while the Great Northern Hotel, constructed in 1912, stands as a reminder of a bygone era when it was a favoured watering hole for generations of railwaymen.
Bulawayo’s heritage extends beyond the city centre, with landmarks like the Bulawayo High Court, Tredgold Building, National Art Gallery, Haddon and Sly, and Goldfields Buildings. Each of these structures contributes to the city’s unique architectural tapestry. The High Court building, with its splendid copper dome and Jacaranda-lined surroundings, is a striking presence on 8th Avenue. Built in 1938, it remains a symbol of justice and architectural finesse. Meanwhile, the National Art Gallery, completed in 1902, stands as a historic building with ornate balconies and intricate cast iron railings, showcasing the city’s commitment to preserving its cultural heritage. Bulawayo’s streets also echo the stories of Haddon and Sly, the city’s oldest supermarket, and the Goldfields Building, a Victorian masterpiece adorned with cast-iron embellishments. The OK Supermarket building on Jason Moyo Street, once the site of Cecil John Rhodes’ office, adds another layer to the city’s historical narrative.
Beyond the architectural marvels, Bulawayo is a destination that beckons cultural and historical enthusiasts. The city’s blend of history and diverse architecture makes it an ideal setting for immersive cultural tours. Adding to the city’s cultural richness is the statue of Dr Joshua Mqabuko Nkomo, a veteran nationalist honoured for his selfless role in Zimbabwe’s liberation struggle. The statue stands as a tribute to the city’s resilience and its enduring spirit.
In essence, Bulawayo is not just a city; it’s a living museum, where every building, street, and statue narrates a captivating chapter of Zimbabwe’s history. Visiting Bulawayo is like turning the pages of a well-preserved historical novel, where the past comes alive in every architectural detail.
